This states that two particles of mass M and mare mutually attracted with equal and opposite forces F and F (see fig. ) of magnitude F given by the formula
r = distance between the two particles
G = universal constant called the constant of gravitation
Newton’s law of gravitation introduces the idea of an action exerted at a distance and extends the range of application of Newton’s third law: the action Fand the reaction 2 F in above Fig are equal and opposite, and they have the same line of action.
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